AIF Insights No. 8 (2025) | Who Should Govern AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a pivotal force in shaping economies, governance, education, and human development worldwide. For developing countries like Cambodia, AI presents a critical opportunity to transition from low-value economic activities to a competitive digital economy. This paper emphasizes that the governance of AI cannot be left to engineers alone. While technical expertise is essential for building and deploying AI systems, engineers may not fully address broader societal concerns such as ethical implications, equity, legal accountability, and cultural sensitivities. Effective AI governance requires an inclusive approach that integrates diverse perspectives—combining technical knowledge with ethical frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, and strategic policy planning—to ensure AI development is equitable, responsible, and aligned with national and human development goals.