2025

AIF Insights No. 15 (2025) | From Grain to Chip: Cambodia’s Journey into the Semiconductor Era

Release: 2025-05-10
Author: CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

This special address outlines Cambodia’s aspirational journey into the global semiconductor industry, positioning itself as an emerging player in a rapidly transforming technological landscape. Drawing a parallel between the nation’s historical reliance on rice and a future shaped by silicon chips, the author envisions a bold transformation powered by innovation, education, and strategic geopolitical positioning.Continue reading "AIF Insights No. 15 (2025) | From Grain to Chip: Cambodia’s Journey into the Semiconductor Era"

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AIF Insights No. 14 (2025) | Machine Translation: Bridging Khmer Language and Large Language Models (LLMs)

Release: 2025-05-09
Author: BUOY Rina, PhD (Informatics) | CHENDA Sovisal, MA (Advanced Computing Systems) | TAING Nguonly, PhD (Computer Science) | KONG Marry, PhD (Telecommunications Technology and Information Technology)

While the development of large language models (LLMs), specifically for the Khmer language, is constrained by both computational resources and the availability of quality training data, this paper presents a strategic direction highly relevant to artificial intelligence and machine learning engineers and developers working with the Khmer language. This paper highlights the significant role ofContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 14 (2025) | Machine Translation: Bridging Khmer Language and Large Language Models (LLMs)"

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AIF Insights No. 13 (2025) | Enhancing Clinical Documentation in Internal Medicine: The Role of AI-Powered Tools

Release: 2025-05-06
Author: CHHEM Sirika, PharmD, and MD

Clinical documentation is a cornerstone of internal medicine, vital for quality care, accurate diagnosis, and legal compliance. However, the growing administrative burden has contributed to clinician burnout and reduced patient interaction. This paper explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered documentation tools in internal medicine. Drawing on recent studies, it outlines how AI tools—especiallyContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 13 (2025) | Enhancing Clinical Documentation in Internal Medicine: The Role of AI-Powered Tools"

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AIF Insights No. 12 (2025) | The Rise of Chinese Open-Source AI: Implications for Global AI Governance and Innovation

Release: 2025-05-05
Author: CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

This article examines the rapid emergence of China as a major force in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through its strategic deployment of open-source large language models such as Alibaba’s Qwen3 and DeepSeek. Narrowing the performance gap with U.S. AI models to just 0.3%, these advancements signify a transformative moment in global AI dynamics. The authorContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 12 (2025) | The Rise of Chinese Open-Source AI: Implications for Global AI Governance and Innovation"

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AIF Insights No. 11 (2025) | Abhidhamma-Inspired AI: Centering Cetana (Intention) with Theravada Ethical Insights in Technology

Release: 2025-05-05
Author: CHEAB Sambath, MD | CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly influences critical aspects of human life, the need for ethical, human-centered design has grown urgent. This article explores the potential of the Abhidhamma—a foundational text in Theravada Buddhist philosophy—as a source of ethical guidance for AI development. The Abhidhamma offers a detailed psychological framework based on mental processes, emphasizing theContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 11 (2025) | Abhidhamma-Inspired AI: Centering Cetana (Intention) with Theravada Ethical Insights in Technology"

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AIF Insights No. 10 (2025) | Buddhist Ethics for AI: Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna Perspectives

Release: 2025-05-04
Author: CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

This article proposes a Buddhist ethical framework for guiding artificial intelligence (AI) development, highlighting how core Buddhist principles—such as compassion, mindfulness, and interdependence—can address the moral and existential challenges posed by emerging technologies. It critiques the limitations of dominant Western ethical paradigms, particularly utilitarianism and deontology, arguing that they often fail to incorporate the relationalContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 10 (2025) | Buddhist Ethics for AI: Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna Perspectives"

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AIF Insights No. 9 (2025) | Tetralemma vs Dilemma: Integrating Eastern Logic into AI Reasoning

Release: 2025-05-04
Author: CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

This essay explores the contrast between Western binary logic and the Buddhist tetralemma (catuskoti), advocating for the integration of Eastern logical structures into artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It argues that while Western dilemma-based reasoning emphasizes clarity and decisiveness, it often oversimplifies complex realities. The tetralemma, by offering four response possibilities—true, false, both, or neither—embraces contradictionContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 9 (2025) | Tetralemma vs Dilemma: Integrating Eastern Logic into AI Reasoning"

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AIF Insights No. 8 (2025) | Who Should Govern AI?

Release: 2025-04-09
Author: CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a pivotal force in shaping economies, governance, education, and human development worldwide. For developing countries like Cambodia, AI presents a critical opportunity to transition from low-value economic activities to a competitive digital economy. This paper emphasizes that the governance of AI cannot be left to engineers alone. While technical expertiseContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 8 (2025) | Who Should Govern AI?"

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AIF Insights No. 7 (2025) | AI, Cyberspace, and ICTs: Untangling the Digital Universe

Release: 2025-04-09
Author: Chhem Siriwat, President of AI Forum | Dr. Hul Seingheng, Chairman of AI Forum | Dr. Lim Putthi Cheat, Independent Scholar | Ros Sayumphu, Research Fellow at AI Forum

This paper explores the evolving landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cyberspace, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), emphasizing the crucial role of society and human agency in defining and governing AI. While AI often mimics human cognition to aid decision-making, its development, application, and ethical oversight must remain rooted in human values and societal needs.Continue reading "AIF Insights No. 7 (2025) | AI, Cyberspace, and ICTs: Untangling the Digital Universe"

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AIF Insights No. 6 (2025) | AI is Not Intelligent: History, Misnomer, and Misunderstanding

Release: 2025-04-01
Author: CHHEM Kieth Rethy, MD, PhD (Edu), and PhD (His)

This paper challenges the notion that AI is truly intelligent, arguing that it merely simulates cognitive abilities without understanding, intention, or ethics. While the term “Artificial Intelligence” persists for historical and marketing reasons, it creates misconceptions about AI’s capabilities. A Buddhist perspective further underscores the misinterpretation of AI as “wisdom.” Recognizing AI as a toolContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 6 (2025) | AI is Not Intelligent: History, Misnomer, and Misunderstanding"

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AIF Insights No. 5 (2025) | Medium is the Message: AI is the Medium?

Release: 2025-03-17
Author: ROS Sayumphu is a Research Fellow at the AI Forum (MA in Security, Conflict and International Development, LLM in International Law).

This paper revisits Marshall McLuhan’s theory, “The medium is the message,” to explore how Artificial Intelligence (AI) functions not merely as a tool for generating content but as a transformative force shaping human perception, behavior, and societal structures. While AI-generated content is often the focus of celebration and concern, this study emphasizes that AI itself—theContinue reading "AIF Insights No. 5 (2025) | Medium is the Message: AI is the Medium?"

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AIF Insights No. 4 (2025) | AI and Law: A Global to Local Look at Regulating the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Release: 2025-02-27
Author: PONG Pich is a Research Fellow at AI Forum (Master in Public Law) | ING Chandavya is a Research Fellow at AI Forum (LLM in Intellectual Property and Competition Law) | TANN Thangvansounary is a Research Associate at AI Forum (Bachelor’s in International Law)

Artificial Intelligence is the driving force of innovation and technological advancement, greatly contributing to economic growth. With the rise of this transformative technology, there are some challenges regarding developing legal frameworks and policies, particularly in the area of AI-related intellectual property issues. Therefore, the legal implications concerning Intellectual Property and AI at the national (Cambodia),Continue reading "AIF Insights No. 4 (2025) | AI and Law: A Global to Local Look at Regulating the Fourth Industrial Revolution"

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